Repasa lo que viste en Bachillerato 1 y 4ESO haciendo clic en los enlaces siguientes:

CONDITIONALS

Resumen:

Más ejemplos:

ZERO CONDITIONAL:

To describe general truths.

If + Present Simple ,  /  Present Simple

Present Simple / If + Present Simple

Unless + Present Simple ,  /  Present Simple

Present Simple / unless + Present Simple

When + Present Simple ,  /  Present Simple

Present Simple / when + Present Simple

Examples:

• If it rains, the grass gets wet.            /                   The grass gets wet if it rains.

• If you heat ice, it melts.                       /                   Ice melts if you heat it.

• If I talk in class, my teacher gets angry.               /                My teacher gets angry if I talk in class.

• If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.          /          Water becomes a solid if you freeze it.

• If plants don't get enough water, they die.           /          Plants die if they don't get enough water.

• If you mix red and blue, you get purple.             /             You get purple if you mix red and blue.

• If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.              /               Water boils if it reaches 100 degrees.

• If snakes are scared, they bite.                        /                  Snakes bite if they are scared.

• If babies are hungry, they cry.                   /                    Babies cry if they are hungry.

• If I run, I get tired.                        /                           I get tired if I run.

FIRST CONDITIONAL:

To talk about a result that will or won't occur if a condition takes place.

If + Present Simple ,  /  will (or modal + verb) ...

will (or modal + verb) ... / If + Present Simple

Examples:

• If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi.                       /                   I will take a taxi if I miss the bus.

• If my football team loses the match, I will be sad.          /         I will be sad if my football team loses the match. 

• If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.             /           I will stay home if it rains tomorrow. 

• If I see her, I'll tell her the truth.                   /                   I'll tell her the truth if I see her.

• If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon.      /        I'll visit my parents this afternoon if I have time.

Examples:

• If I miss the bus, I will take a taxi.                       /                   I will take a taxi if I miss the bus.

• If my football team loses the match, I will be sad.          /         I will be sad if my football team loses the match. 

• If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.             /           I will stay home if it rains tomorrow. 

• If I see her, I'll tell her the truth.                   /                   I'll tell her the truth if I see her.

• If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon.      /        I'll visit my parents this afternoon if I have time.

Unless  (=if not) + Present Simple ,  /  will (or modal + verb) ...

will (or modal + verb) ... / unless + Present Simple

Examples:

• Unless he tries harder, he will fail.                       /                      He will fail unless he tries harder.

• Unless the rain stops, I won't go.                         /                       I won't go unless the rain stops.

• Unless you run, you won't be on time.              /                      You won't be on time unless you run.

• Unless whales are protected, they will become extinct.    /     Whales will become extinct unless they are protected.

If + Present Simple or Modal Verb ,  /  imperative ...

imperative ... / If + Present Simple or Modal Verb

Examples:

• If you finish painting the bedroom, start the barthroom. (If + Present Simple,  /  imperative ...)

• If you arrive on time, come to the meeting. (If + Present Simple,  /  imperative ...)

• If it rains, take an umbrella. (If + Present Simple,  /  imperative ...)

• If the food is cold, put it in the microwave. (If + Present Simple,  /  imperative ...)

• Ask your teacher if you can't find the answer. (Imperative .../ If + Modal Verb)

TIME CLAUSES:

To talk about future events and general statements (=dice cuando ocurre la acción). Se usa el Zero o First Conditional según lo que se quiera comunicar (aunque también se puede usar con otros tiempos verbales).

after, as long as, as soon as, before, once, the moment (that), until, when

Examples:

• After Ann brushes her teeth, she goes to bed.                     /                    Ann goes to bed after she brushes her teeth.

• You can play in the living room as long as you don't make a mess.

• I think I'll continue studying English as long as I have the time to do so.

• You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.

• As soon as I get the letter, I will call my boss.                        /                    I will call my boss as soon as I get the letter.

• As soon as Tom arrives, we will discuss the problem.             /           We will discuss the problem as soon as Tom arrives.

• Before Ann goes to bed, she brushes her teeth.                  /                   Ann brushes her teeth before she goes to bed.

• Once you have arrived, give me a call.                           /                        Give me a call once you have arrived.

• The moment (that) he arrives home, he will call the restaurant.              /               He will call the restaurant the moment (that) he arrives home.

• I'll sit outside until it gets dark.

• We'll wait in the house until the rain stops.

• When I am bored, I see a movie.                                        /                           I see a movie when I am bored.

SECOND CONDITIONAL:

· To talk about a hypothetical situation.

· To give advice.

If + Past Simple ,  /  would ...

would ... / If + Past Simple

Unless + Past Simple ,  /  would ...

would  ... / unless + Past Simple

Examples:

• If I had money, I would travel more.                          /                    I would travel more if I had money.

• If I became President, I would change many things.          /           I would change many things if I became President.

• If she studied more, she would pass the exams.                    /                   She would pass the exams if she studied more.

• If she was a good friend, she would help you.                  /            She would help you if she was a good friend.

• If I were invisible for one day, I could play tricks on my friends.      /         I could play tricks on my friends if I were invisible for one day.

If I was/were you ... :

• If I was/were you, I would call your father.               /             I would call your father if I was/were you.

• If I was/were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.       /       I would drive more carefully in the rain if I was/were you.

• If I was/were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.               /             I wouldn't go out with that man if I was/were you.

If + past modal verb ,  /  would ...

would ... / If + past modal verb

Examples:

• If you could travel next summer, where would you go?

THIRD CONDITIONAL:

· to talk about something that can never happen because the time has already passed 

If + Past Perfect Simple ,  /  would have + Vb.-ed

would have + Vb.-ed  / If + Past Perfect Simple

Examples:

• If she had looked at both sides of the street, she would have avoided the car accident.      /      She would have avoided the car accident, if she had looked at both sides of the street.

• If she hadn't crossed the street, she would have survived.                       /                      She would have survived if she hadn't crossed the street.

• If she hadn't crossed the street, she would have never died.      /       She would have never died if she hadn't crossed the street.

• If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan last summer.        /        I would have gone to Japan last summer if I had had enough money.

• If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.         /           She would have passed the exam if she had studied.

• If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.       /          We wouldn't have missed the plane if we had taken a taxi.

• If he had left the house at nine, he would have been on time for the interview.         /       He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine.

If + Past Perfect Simple ,  / modal perfect + participle

modal perfect + participle / If + Past Perfect Simple

Examples:

• If I had had the right tools, I could have fixed my bike. 

• If you had sold your house back in November, you could have made a fortune.

• She could have been my wife if I hadn’t been an idiot. 

• If the weather had been worse, they might not have reached the top of the mountain.

• We might have won if you had played better! 

Recuerda esto para los 1st, 2nd and 3rd conditionals:

En lugar de "will" o "would" también se pueden usar otros modales como "could, might, ...":

• If she studies more, she could pass the exams.                   /                  She could pass the exams if she studies more.

• If she had studied more, she could have passed the exams.                 /                 She could have passed the exams if she had studied more. 

All Conditionals:

WISH CLAUSES

I wish / If only  +  Past Simple

(to regret about the present)

• I wish you didn’t live so far away.

• I wish I knew what to do.

• I wish I were/was in the Caribbean instead of being here.

• I wish I had a motorbike.

• I wish you weren't leaving.

I wish / If only  +  Past Perfect Simple

(to regret about the past)

• I wish I’d studied harder when I was at school. (He didn’t study harder when he was at school.)

• I wish I hadn’t eaten all that chocolate. I feel sick.

• If only I’d known you were coming.

• I wish / If only I hadn't been so rude to my bother last night.

• I wish you had give up smoking. It’s really bad for you.

I wish / If only  +  could / would + base form

(to regret about the future)

• I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking.

• I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.

• I wish I could speak Japanese.

• I wish he would change his mind and marry her.

• I wish my brother would wear smarter clothes.

• If only it would stop raining.